Essential Understandings: Chemistry/Hylton

CHEMISTRY
Cary Hylton

TERM 1:

1. Relate the structure, behavior, and scale of an atom to the particles that compose it. 

2. Correlate atomic structure and the physical and chemical properties of an element to the position of the element on the periodic table. 

3. Evaluate quantum energy changes in the atom in terms of the energy contained in light emissions.

4. Evaluate how changes in the nucleus of an atom result in emission of radioactivity.

TERM 2:

1. Explain that the properties of a compound may be different from those of the elements or compounds from which it is formed.

2. Relate the properties of simple compounds to the type of bonding, shape of molecules, and intermolecular forces.

3. Identify evidence of chemical reactions and demonstrate how chemical equations are used to describe them.

4. Analyze evidence for the laws of conservation of mass and conservation of energy in a chemical reaction.

TERM 3:

1. Evaluate factors specific to collisions that affect the rate of chemical reaction.

2. Recognize that certain reactions do not convert all reactants to products, but achieve a state of dynamic equilibrium that can be changed.

3. Relate kinetic-molecular theory to the behavior of gases in terms of changes of pressure, temperature, volume, and number of gas particles.

4. Describe factors affecting the process of dissolving and evaluate the effects that changes in concentration have on solutions.

5. Summarize the quantitative and qualitative effects of colligative properties on a solution when a solute is added.

6. Differentiate between acids and bases in terms of hydrogen ion concentration.

TERM 4:

1. Identify and balance oxidation-reduction reactions.

2. Using an electrochemical cell describe how electrical energy can be produced in a chemical reaction.

3. Identify, name, and give the structures of simple organic molecules.

4. Relate the structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to their role in biological systems.